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Linker Script Explained: A Beginner to Advanced Guide for Embedded Systems

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In embedded systems and low-level programming, a linker script plays a crucial role in defining how memory is organized and utilized. This guide takes you through everything you need to know—from basic concepts to advanced configurations—to write and customize linker scripts for your projects. 1. Introduction to Linker Scripts What is a Linker Script? A …

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Stack vs Heap Memory: Understanding Memory Allocation in Programming

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Introduction When programming, especially in languages like C, C++, and embedded systems, memory management is crucial. Two important types of memory allocation are Stack and Heap memory. Understanding their differences helps in optimizing performance and avoiding memory-related issues like segmentation faults and memory leaks. What is Stack Memory? Stack memory is a region of memory …

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RTOS Explained: Understanding Real-Time Operating Systems for Embedded Development

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Introduction 1. What is an RTOS? A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is an OS specifically designed to run applications with strict timing constraints. Unlike general-purpose operating systems (Windows, Linux), an RTOS ensures that tasks execute predictably within a fixed time limit. Types of RTOS 2. RTOS vs. General-Purpose OS Feature RTOS General-Purpose OS (GPOS) Task …

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JTAG Explained: Working, Architecture, and Its Role in Embedded Systems

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JTAG Explained: Working, Architecture, and Its Role in Embedded Systems Introduction JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) is a standardized interface used for testing, debugging, and programming electronic devices such as microcontrollers, FPGAs, and PCBs. It allows developers to access the internal state of a chip without requiring physical probes, making it a critical tool for …

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SRAM vs DRAM: Understanding the Key Differences

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Memory plays a crucial role in computing devices, ensuring smooth data processing and storage. Among the various types of memory, Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) and Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) are two fundamental categories. While both serve as volatile memory in computing systems, they have significant differences in terms of design, performance, and application. In this …

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Bootloader: The Unsung Hero of Embedded Systems!

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Oopss!!! Your Device Won’t Start? Here’s Why! Ever wondered what happens when you power up your microcontroller or embedded device? The magic behind that smooth boot-up process is the bootloader—a tiny yet mighty program that initializes the system, loads firmware, and gets everything running! Without it, your device would be as good as a brick! …

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Embedded C: A Beginner’s Guide to Programming Microcontrollers

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Introduction Embedded C is a specialized version of the C programming language designed for programming embedded systems, such as microcontrollers and processors. Unlike standard C, which runs on computers with operating systems, Embedded C is used to develop firmware that interacts directly with hardware components. Why Use Embedded C? Why Use Embedded C? Embedded C …

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SPI Protocol: A Complete Guide from Basics to Advanced

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Introduction Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is one of the most commonly used communication protocols in embedded systems. It enables high-speed, full-duplex communication between a master and multiple slave devices. In this blog, we will explore SPI in-depth, covering its working principles, data frame structure, advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications. What is SPI? SPI is a …

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