DHT11 Sensor Interfacing with AVR ATmega16/ATmega32. Overview of DHT11 The DHT11 is a single-wire digital sensor designed to measure humidity and temperature, providing the values serially. It can measure relative humidity in the range of 20% to 90% RH and temperature in the range of 0°C to 50°C. The sensor has four pins: two for …
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Overview of Accelerometer An accelerometer is an electromechanical device used to measure acceleration forces, including gravity, in units of g. It is commonly used in tilt-sensing applications, such as in mobile phones and gaming devices. The ADXL335 accelerometer measures acceleration along three axes: X, Y, and Z. It provides an analog voltage output proportional to …
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Overview of PIR Motion Sensor The PIR sensor detects infrared heat radiation and is commonly used to identify the presence of living objects that emit such radiation. The sensor consists of two slots connected to a differential amplifier. When a stationary object is in front of the sensor, both slots receive an equal amount of …
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Overview of NTC Thermistor A thermistor is a variable resistance device whose resistance changes with temperature. For Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors, resistance increases as temperature rises. Conversely, for Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors, resistance decreases with an increase in temperature. Thermistors are commonly used in applications such as current limiters, temperature sensors, and overcurrent …
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Overview of NTC Thermistor A thermistor is a type of variable resistor whose resistance changes with temperature. For PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistors, the resistance increases as the temperature rises. In contrast, for NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors, the resistance decreases as the temperature increases. Thermistors are commonly used in applications such as current limiting, …
Introduction A Real-Time Clock (RTC) is a device used for timekeeping and calendar tracking, essential for applications that require logging the time and date of specific events. RTCs are particularly useful in data logging applications and are widely integrated into devices such as computers, laptops, and mobile phones. They are powered by external batteries, enabling …
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Overview of GSM The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a digital cellular network standard widely used for mobile communication and long-distance data transmission. Various GSM modules are available on the market, including models like SIM900, SIM700, SIM800, SIM808, and SIM5320. The SIM900A module, specifically, enables users to send and receive data over GPRS, …
Overview of GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) relies on signals transmitted by satellites in space and ground stations on Earth to precisely determine a location on the planet. GPS receivers pick up radio frequency signals from these satellites and ground stations. Using these signals, the GPS receiver calculates its exact position without needing to …
Introduction A 4×4 keypad serves as an input device to detect and process key presses from the user. This keypad has 4 rows and 4 columns, with switches located at each intersection. When a key is pressed, it completes a circuit between a specific row and column, enabling the system to identify the key. To …
Overview of Analog Joystick An analog joystick is an input device used to change the position of a cursor based on the movement of the joystick. It outputs analog voltages in the X and Y directions, which correspond to the joystick’s position. These analog voltages can be processed to determine the cursor’s position or to …
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